Analysis of Biological Effects of Microwave Energy and Safe Distance Calculations

Abstract

Microwave energy has found wide range of applications in the fields of communications, industrial, scientific, medical, commercial and military. In the Public applications, microwave energy may produce biological effects which may sometimes, lead to adverse health effect.This paper introduces the relationship between microwave energy and the public health through the analysis of the effects of microwave energy on the biological systems and its hazardous effects on the health of the human body. It starts with the analysis of non-thermal and thermal effects of microwave energy on the tissue of the human body, and then it gives an analysis of the radiation limits of microwave radiation hazard and the different international standards. The safe distance from the radiating source was formulated and estimated for four scenarios, which represents different case studies (On-Beam-Axis of Continuous Transmission, On-Beam-Axis of Pulsating Transmission, Side-Lobe Transmission, and Rotating-Beam Transmission).The results of these estimations indicate that there is a hazardous distance varies from few meters up to few hundred of meters depending on the coverage, power and type of transmission.