Thymoquinone's Potential Role in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Mini Review

Abstract

Background: Pollution and genetic factors have increased the likelihood of cancer in the developing world. Cancer is now the leading cause of death in young patients. Scientists are focusing on developing new treatments with a lower risk profile than traditional cytotoxic drugs. Nigella sativa (black seed) has been used for centuries by ancient cultures to treat a variety of ailments. Thymoquinone, the main active compound found in Nigella sativa, is a useful therapeutic agent for various morbidities, including cancer. Aim: The review aims to highlight thymoquinone's potential cytotoxic and chemoprotective effects. Methods: The most recent articles were found using reputable websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. Many titles, such as thymoquinone, breast cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, osteosarcoma, ovary cancer, and so on, have been used in searches. Then the information from in vitro studies and animal experiments was collected; the preprint, article review, and meta-analysis study were all excluded. Results: Thymoquinone reduced cell viability and induced programmed cell death in breast cancer, colon cancer, leukemia, osteosarcoma, ovary cancer, and colon cancer. TQ causes cytotoxicity through a variety of mechanisms, including the induction of reactive oxygen species and the inhibition of NF-kB activity in some cancers. Conclusion: Thymoquinone is a promising future cytotoxic agent with fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic agents.